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| Entry tags: | pornography, prostitution, rad fem, sadopatriarchy |
Women's studies essay # 3
I busted my hump many times writing this, so y'all better appreciate it. I'll post it in two or three parts because it's so long (8 pages--excluding the over 3 page bibliography).
Linked Oppressions: Violence Against Women, Prostitution, and Sadopatriarchy
Winnie Small
Many, such as pro-sex feminists keep on saying that women now have the world at their feet. After all, teenage pregnancy is rampant, 18 year old girls are getting breast implants, most women in prostitution began before 16, stripping is proclaimed as liberation, pornography is kind of corny, but it turns people on, and playing daddy-daughter or master-slave is just so subversive.
Rarely is rape identified as a hate crime. Governments are too busy reading Playboy and listening to the so-called sex industry profiteers to see prostitution as a violation of human rights. (
Violence against women is all too common in society. I don't think that any feminists worth their salt would dispute that, although some who claim to be feminists do just that, such as Camille Paglia and Wendy McElroy (Levy, 2006; McElroy, 2002; McElroy, 2005). Diana Russell (1982; 1999) found that about 1 in 3 girls are abused sexually by the age of 18, 1 in 6 incestuously so, 14% of ever-married women had been raped and 21% had been beaten by their husbands, and over 4 in 10 women had been raped or attempted raped as adults. The study was originally conducted in the late 1970s on over 900 San Franciscan women, but is still regarded as one of the best studies of its kind to date.
According to Statistics Canada, in 2004, only a third of physical spousal assaults and less than 10% of sexual assaults are reported to police. Although it decreased by 1% from 1999, 7% of women had been physically or sexually abused by their spouse in the five years previous to the survey. Also, 1 in 5 had been assaulted by an ex-partner in the five year period. Sixteen per cent of women had ever been sexually assaulted by their spouse. Other categories of violence that were particularly high included: choked (19%), beat (19%), hit with an object (23%), and pushed, grabbed or shoved (81%). More “minor” kinds of violence, such as slapping, throwing objects, and biting were actually higher for men than women, probably due to the lesser severity of the acts (Johnson, 2006).
I think that the most important issue facing feminism is violence against women. This is not to deny that groups of males cannot be profoundly vulnerable to violence, such as gay men, boys, and men of colour. This essay will focus on violence in the forms of prostitution, pornography, and sadomasochism because I think that through an exploration of these, one can find the roots of violence against women. In arguing this, I’m not saying that violence against women is a recent phenomenon. I’m saying that prostitution and sadism have existed for millennia. For example, pornography is not a phenomenon of the twentieth century—for example, ancient
As with other forms of prostitution, pornography is racist, capitalist, misogynist and, most obviously, phallocentric. In photograph after movie after “erotic story” after photograph, women, and sometimes children and men, are, above all else, penetrated. Vaginally, anally, and orally. By penises, fists, dildoes, bottles, dogs, horses, phones, and guns. Pornography represents above all else that what women exist for is to be invaded in every orifice by whatever the consumer wants to see her “pounded” with, especially his penis (e.g. Bright, 1999; Craft, 2005; Kendall, 2004; Stark and Whisnant, 2004; Stoltenberg, 1989; Stoltenberg, 1994).
To test this, I went onto The Stag Shop’s website, which as a Canadian store, is under the
It’s obvious to me what pornography is about: the dehumanization and harm of women. Pornography also documents prostitution, and these documents will follow the women in them the rest of their lives. Many women who have left pornography and other forms of prostitution have spoken about this (e.g. Dworkin, 1997; Lords, 2004; MacKinnon and Dworkin, 1998; Lovelace, 1986; One Angry Girl, 2007; Simonton and Smith, in Stark and Whisnant, 2004). Pornography is a form of prostitution—women are receiving payment for being recorded having “sex.”
Wendy McElroy (2002) is able to call anti-prostitution feminists “anti-prostitute” and somehow believe it, which is similar to considering someone against child sexual abuse as anti-child, but when love means war… “Pro-sex feminists” feel free to deride radical feminists—including radical feminists who are currently or formerly prostituted (as well as ex-masochists and sadists)—for being “sex-negative” (to be accurate, sex-critical). They also discount the studies done on the trauma histories on those in prostitution (e.g. Bright, 2000; McElroy, 2002; McElroy, 2005).
Studies have been done on those in street, escort, stripping, pornography, and brothel prostitution. Alarming statistics include: most enter prostitution before 16, between 55-90% were sexually abused as children prior to entry into prostitution, about 80% are currently or formerly homeless, between 62 and 85% have been raped while in prostitution, 75% of women in escort prostitution have attempted suicide, 67% had post-traumatic stress disorder, 75-90% is pimp-controlled, about half not in pornography have still had pornography made of them, over 90% of their views on prostitution are negative, as many as a third of prostituted people are Native. Over 90% of those in prostitution want to get out of it (e.g. Dworkin, 1997; Farley, 2003; Farley, 2007; Jeffreys, 1997; Jeffreys, 2003; Kendall, 2004; Lau, 1989; Lords, 2004; MacKinnon and Dworkin, 1998; One Angry Girl, 2007; Stark and Whisnant, 2004). One study on women in strip clubs found that 100% had experienced all of the following: physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal harassment, and being propositioned for “prostitution” as commonly understood (i.e. for oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse) (Holsopple, 1999, in One Angry Girl, 2007).